Understanding the Simple View of Reading
Have you ever wondered why some students struggle with reading even when they recognize letters and words? The Simple View of Reading (SVR) provides a research-backed framework that explains how reading comprehension works. Developed by Gough and Tunmer in 1986, the Simple View of Reading breaks reading down into two essential components:
-
Decoding – The ability to recognize and pronounce words.
-
Language Comprehension – The ability to understand and interpret meaning.
According to SVR, reading comprehension = decoding × language comprehension. Both components are necessary; if one is weak, reading comprehension will be impacted. Let’s explore how this model applies to PreK-2 classrooms.
Why the Simple View of Reading Matters for PreK-2 Teachers
As educators, we often see students who can sound out words but don’t understand what they’re reading—or vice versa. The Simple View of Reading helps us diagnose these issues and adjust our instruction accordingly. Here’s why it’s important:
-
Identifies student needs – Helps teachers determine if a student struggles with decoding, comprehension, or both.
-
Guides instruction – Ensures a balanced approach that supports phonics and language development.
-
Supports the Science of Reading – Aligns with research on how students learn to read effectively.
Applying the Simple View of Reading in the Classroom
Understanding SVR is one thing—applying it is another! Here are some practical ways to use this framework with your PreK-2 students:
1. Strengthen Decoding Skills
Decoding involves recognizing letters, blending sounds, and applying phonics rules. Here’s how to build strong decoding skills:
-
Use systematic phonics instruction – Explicitly teach letter-sound relationships.
-
Incorporate decodable texts – Give students reading materials that match their phonics skills.
-
Practice high-frequency words – Help students recognize common words instantly.
2. Enhance Language Comprehension
To build comprehension, students need exposure to rich vocabulary and listening experiences. Try these strategies:
-
Read aloud daily – Model fluent reading and engage students in discussion.
-
Teach vocabulary explicitly – Introduce new words and provide context.
-
Encourage storytelling – Let students retell stories to practice comprehension skills.
3. Assess & Differentiate Instruction
By assessing both decoding and comprehension, you can tailor instruction to individual student needs:
-
Use assessments like The Reading Roadmap, DIBELS, or PAST to evaluate phonological awareness and phonics skills.
-
Ask comprehension questions to check understanding after reading.
-
Group students strategically for small-group reading support.
Bringing It All Together
The Simple View of Reading is a powerful tool for helping young students become successful readers. By focusing on both decoding and language comprehension, teachers can provide the support each child needs to thrive.
Want more guidance? Join The Reading Roadmap to get expert-backed strategies and resources for your classroom! Request a quote here.